Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions of one or more muscles that can be very painful. The exact cause of muscle cramps is not always known, but some possible causes include:

• Overuse or strain of a muscle
• Dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalances, such as low levels of potassium, calcium, or magnesium
• Poor blood circulation
• Poor conditioning or muscle fatigue
• Inactivity or sitting for long periods of time
• Pregnancy
• Certain medications, such as diuretics and statins
• Medical conditions, such as diabetes, liver disease, or thyroid disorders

Muscle cramps can occur in any muscle, but they are most common in the legs, especially the calf muscles. They can last from a few seconds to several minutes and may be relieved by stretching or massaging the affected muscle. If you experience frequent or severe muscle cramps, or if they are interfering with your daily life, it is recommended to speak to a healthcare provider to determine if there is an underlying medical condition that needs to be addressed.