Ovarian cysts are sacs filled with fluid or semisolid material that form on or within one or both ovaries. Most ovarian cysts are harmless and go away on their own eventually, but some can cause serious symptoms. There are several types of ovarian cysts, and the causes of cysts depend on the type. Here are some of the causes of ovarian cysts:

• Functional cysts: These are the most common type of ovarian cyst and are linked to the menstrual cycle. They occur as a result of ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. Functional cysts generally shrink over time, usually within 60 days, without specific treatment. Sometimes, functional cysts are called simple cysts.

• Pathological cysts: These are caused by abnormal cell growth and are not related to the menstrual cycle. They can develop before and after menopause. Pathological cysts develop from either the cells used to create eggs or the cells that cover the outer part of the ovary. They can sometimes burst, twist, or grow very large and block the blood supply to the ovaries. Pathological cysts are usually non-cancerous, but a small number are cancerous (malignant) and often surgically removed.

• Endometriomas: These are cysts that form as a result of endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows in other places, such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

• Dermoid cysts: These are cysts that come from cells present from birth and do not usually cause symptoms.

• Cystadenomas: These are cysts that are filled with watery fluid and can sometimes grow large.

• Hormonal problems: These include taking a fertility drug that causes you to ovulate, for example, clomiphene or letrozole (Femara) .

• Pregnancy: Sometimes, the follicle that forms when you ovulate stays on your ovary throughout pregnancy. It can sometimes grow larger.

• Severe pelvic infection: If the infection spreads to the ovaries, it can cause cysts.

• Previous ovarian cysts: If youve had one ovarian cyst, youre likely to develop more.

In conclusion, ovarian cysts can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal problems, pregnancy, severe pelvic infection, and previous ovarian cysts. The most common types of ovarian cysts are functional cysts, which are linked to the menstrual cycle, and pathological cysts, which are caused by abnormal cell growth. Endometriomas, dermoid cysts, and cystadenomas are other types of benign ovarian cysts that are less common.