Dementia is a term used to describe a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities. It is caused by damage to or loss of nerve cells and their connections in the brain, which interferes with the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. The damage to brain cells can be caused by a variety of diseases that cause abnormal brain changes, including:

• Alzheimers disease: This is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases.
• Vascular dementia: This occurs because of microscopic bleeding and blood vessel blockage in the brain and is the second most common cause of dementia.
• Mixed dementia: This occurs when a person experiences the brain changes of multiple types of dementia simultaneously.
• Other conditions: There are many other conditions that can cause symptoms of cognitive impairment but that arent dementia, including some that are reversible, such as thyroid problems and vitamin deficiencies.

The symptoms of dementia depend on the area of the brain thats affected and can vary depending on the type of dementia. Common symptoms include memory loss, problems communicating or finding words, trouble with visual and spatial abilities, problems with reasoning or problem-solving, and poor coordination and control of movements. Dementia can also cause psychological changes, such as personality changes, depression, anxiety, agitation, and paranoia. It is important to see a doctor if you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of dementia, as early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.