Ear infections are caused by bacteria or viruses in the middle ear. These infections often result from another illness such as a cold, flu, or allergy that causes congestion and swelling of the nasal passages, throat, and eustachian tubes. The eustachian tubes are a pair of narrow tubes that run from each middle ear to high in the back of the throat, behind the nasal passages. The throat end of the tubes open and close to regulate air pressure in the middle ear.

Risk factors for ear infections include:

• Age: Children are more likely than adults to get ear infections.
• Seasonal factors: Ear infections are most common during the fall and winter.
• Infant feeding: Babies who drink from a bottle, especially while lying down, tend to have more ear infections than do babies who are breast-fed.
• Exposure to smoke: Children who are exposed to cigarette smoke or who live with a smoker have a higher risk of ear infections.
• Group child care: Children cared for in group settings are more likely to get colds and ear infections than are children who stay home.

Symptoms of an ear infection usually start quickly and include ear pain, fever, fussiness or irritability, and difficulty sleeping. Children may also rub or tug at an ear, have difficulty hearing, or have discharge running out of the ear. If you suspect an ear infection, it is important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.