Ear infections in dogs, also known as otitis externa, are one of the most common types of infections seen in dogs. They can be caused by bacteria, yeast, or a combination of both. Some of the factors that can contribute to ear infections in dogs include:

• Moisture: This can create a prime growing environment for bacteria and yeast.
• Allergies: These can lead to ear disease in about 50 percent of dogs with allergic skin disease and 80 percent of dogs with food sensitivities.
• Endocrine disorders: Such as thyroid disease.
• Autoimmune disorders.
• Wax buildup.
• Foreign bodies: Such as grass awn or foxtails that get into the ear.
• Injury to the ear canal.
• Excessive cleaning.

Some breeds, particularly those with large, floppy, or hairy ears, are more prone to ear infections, but they can occur in any breed. The clinical signs of an ear infection include redness, odor, itching/scratching, pain, shaking of the head, head tilt, and discharge. Ear infections are painful, and many dogs will shake their head and scratch their ears to relieve the discomfort. The ears often become red and inflamed and develop an offensive odor. A black or yellowish discharge commonly occurs. In chronic cases, the ears may appear crusty or thickened, and the ear canals often become narrowed (stenotic) due to chronic inflammation.

If your dog is showing any of the common signs of ear infections, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian as soon as possible. Quick treatment is necessary not only for your dog’s comfort but also to prevent the spread of infection to the middle and inner ear. Don’t try to treat ear infections at home.