Ascites is a condition in which fluid builds up in the abdomen. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including liver disease, heart disease, kidney failure, cancer, and infection. The fluid buildup can cause abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, swelling in the legs and ankles, indigestion, heartburn, loss of appetite, fever, and hernia. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and can make it difficult to move around.

The most common cause of ascites is cirrhosis of the liver, which accounts for about 80% of cases. Drinking too much alcohol is one of the most common causes of cirrhosis of the liver. Other conditions that can cause ascites include heart failure, kidney failure, infection, and cancer.

To diagnose ascites, a healthcare provider may request images of the inside of the abdomen using ultrasound, MRI, or a CT scan. If they suspect ascites, they may perform a paracentesis, which involves inserting a needle into the abdomen to remove fluid for testing.

Treatment options for ascites include a low-salt diet, medication, and procedures to remove excess fluid. In some cases, a person may need to have a special procedure called TIPS, which involves creating a connection inside the liver between the blood vessels to ease the high pressure causing ascites.

In summary, fluid in the abdomen, or ascites, can be caused by a variety of factors, including liver disease, heart disease, kidney failure, cancer, and infection. Symptoms can be uncomfortable and can make it difficult to move around. Treatment options include a low-salt diet, medication, and procedures to remove excess fluid.