Folliculitis is inflammation or infection of the hair follicles. It is most commonly caused by bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus, but can also be triggered by viruses, fungi, parasites, or irritation. Other contributing factors include blockage of follicles, friction or trauma to the skin, shaving or waxing, tight clothing, sweating, and contact with contaminated water (for example, hot tubs). In some cases, the exact cause isn’t known. Key causes and contributors

• Bacterial infection: Staphylococcus aureus is the leading culprit; other bacteria such as Pseudomonas (hot tub folliculitis) can cause folliculitis in specific contexts.

• Fungal infection: Yeasts and molds can invade hair follicles, particularly on humid areas of the body.

• Viral or parasitic causes: Certain viruses or parasites can inflame follicles in some cases.

• Occlusion and irritation: Blocked follicles from thick products, occlusive dressings, or friction from clothing can initiate inflammation.

• Shaving and hair removal: Procedures that irritate or injure follicles increase risk of folliculitis.

• Water exposure and environments: Hot tubs, pools, or contaminated water can introduce pathogens to follicles.

Common scenarios

• Bacterial folliculitis: Usually presents as itchy, red, pus-filled bumps around hair follicles; may resemble acne. Often improves with proper hygiene and topical or oral antibiotics if severe.

• Hot tub folliculitis: Characterized by small red bumps or pustules after exposure to poorly maintained hot tubs or spa water; caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

• Clogged or irritated follicles: Occurs with aggressive shaving, waxing, or heavy, oily products; follicles become inflamed even without infection.

What to do

• Gentle cleansing with soap and water; avoid picking or squeezing lesions.
• Keep the affected area dry and avoid occlusive products; switch to non-comedogenic or fragrance-free options if irritation is suspected.

• If symptoms are mild, many cases resolve with conservative care. If lesions are persistent, spreading, painful, or feverish, seek medical evaluation for potential topical or oral antibiotics, antifungals, or other treatments.

• For hot tub exposure, ensure proper sanitizer levels and water hygiene; avoid using contaminated water.

If you’d like, I can tailor this to your specific context (location on the body, recent shaving or product use, exposure to hot tubs, or any symptoms you’re noticing) and provide a step-by-step care plan.