Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is caused primarily by viruses from the enterovirus family, most commonly the coxsackievirus A16. Other viruses that can cause HFMD include coxsackievirus A6 and enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), with EV-A71 sometimes linked to more severe cases

. The disease spreads through direct contact with an infected person's:

• Nose and throat secretions (saliva, mucus)
• Fluid from blisters
• Stool (feces)
• Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing

It can also spread by touching contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth

. HFMD is highly contagious, especially in young children, and is common in settings like schools and daycare centers. There is no vaccine for HFMD, and it usually resolves on its own within 7 to 10 days

. In summary, HFMD is caused by infection with certain enteroviruses, mainly coxsackievirus A16, and spreads through close personal contact and contact with contaminated secretions or surfaces