Heavy menstrual bleeding, also known as menorrhagia, can have many causes, ranging from hormone-related issues to various medical conditions and even stress. Some of the common causes of heavy periods include:

• Hormone imbalance: Too much or too little estrogen and progesterone can cause menorrhagia. Some women experience high levels of estrogen and low levels of progesterone. This can cause the uterine lining to thicken. When a thick uterine lining sheds during menstruation, women might experience heavier blood flows and larger blood clots.

• Uterine problems: Fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer are some of the physical conditions affecting the uterus that may cause heavy menstrual bleeding.

• Bleeding disorders: Certain bleeding disorders, such as Von Willebrands disease, can cause heavy menstrual bleeding.

• Medications: Some medications, such as hormonal medicines like birth control pills that have estrogen and progestin, can result in heavy or lengthy menstrual bleeding. Medicines that prevent blood clots also may cause heavy menstrual bleeding.

• Other factors: Stress, obesity, thyroid problems, liver or kidney conditions, and infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can also cause heavy menstrual bleeding.

If you experience heavy menstrual bleeding, it is important to talk to your doctor. They can help determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment options.