Hot flashes are a sudden feeling of warmth in the upper body, which is usually most intense over the face, neck, and chest. They are often accompanied by sweating and a flushed appearance with red, blotchy skin. Hot flashes are most commonly caused by changing hormone levels before, during, and after menopause. Its not clear exactly how hormonal changes cause hot flashes, but most research suggests that hot flashes occur when decreased estrogen levels cause your bodys thermostat (hypothalamus) to become more sensitive to changes in temperature. Other factors that can trigger hot flashes include anxiety or mood changes, eating spicy foods, drinking alcohol or caffeine, smoking, wearing tight clothing, and exposure to heat. Obesity is also a risk factor for hot flashes. Hot flashes can also be caused by other medical conditions such as thyroid disease, infection, or cancer, and certain medications such as tamoxifen for breast cancer, raloxifene for osteoporosis, and some antidepressants.

To manage hot flashes, there are a variety of treatments available, including lifestyle changes and medications. Before considering medication, it is recommended to first try making changes to your lifestyle. For example, dressing in layers that can be removed at the start of a hot flash, carrying a portable fan, and avoiding triggers such as spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol. If hot flashes keep you up at night, it is recommended to lower the temperature in your bedroom, drink small amounts of cold water before bed, and layer your bedding so it can be adjusted as needed. There are also medications available that can help manage hot flashes, such as hormone therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and gabapentin. It is important to talk to a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment option for each individual.