Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection caused mainly by two types of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep). It can also involve both bacteria in the same infection. It tends to flare up where the skin is broken or irritated, and is more common in children, in warm humid conditions, and in settings where skin-to-skin contact is frequent. Key factors that contribute to impetigo:

• Bacteria entering through broken skin: cuts, scrapes, insect bites, eczema, poison ivy, or other skin irritations provide an entry point.
• Contagiousness: the bacteria can spread through direct skin contact or sharing personal items (towels, toys, bedding) and can spread within households or close-contact settings like daycare or schools.
• Skin irritation and scratching: scratching a rash or sore can introduce bacteria and worsen or spread impetigo.
• Environment: warmer, humid climates can increase risk and transmission.

Common signs:

• Red sores or blisters that quickly rupture, forming a honey-colored or yellow crust
• Itching or tenderness around the affected area
• Most often around the nose and mouth, but can appear anywhere on the body

Prevention basics:

• Gentle skin care and keeping nails trimmed
• Regular hand washing and avoiding sharing personal items
• Prompt cleaning of minor wounds and keeping skin moisturized to reduce cracking

If you suspect impetigo:

• See a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and to discuss treatment options.
• Treatment usually involves topical or oral antibiotics to clear the infection.
• Keep the affected area clean and covered as advised to prevent spreading to others.

Note: If there are signs of fever, spreading redness, or if the child is very young or has a weakened immune system, seek prompt medical attention.