Left lower back pain in females can be caused by a variety of factors, including musculoskeletal, gynecological, urinary, and other systemic conditions. Key causes include: Musculoskeletal Causes:

• Muscle strain or sprain from overstretching or injury to muscles, ligaments, or tendons supporting the spine

• Herniated or slipped discs where spinal discs wear down or rupture, irritating nerves and causing pain

• Spinal fractures, especially compression fractures from osteoporosis, which weakens bones and increases fracture risk

• Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction, more common in women due to anatomical differences and hormonal changes, especially during pregnancy and postpartum

• Arthritis and degenerative joint disease causing inflammation and stiffness in spinal joints

Gynecological Causes:

• Pregnancy causes lower back pain due to increased weight, spinal curvature changes, and ligament laxity from hormones like relaxin

• Endometriosis, where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, causing sharp, sporadic pain that can radiate to the lower back

• Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) linked to uterine contractions and prostaglandin release, causing pain radiating to the lower back

• Uterine fibroids, benign growths that can cause back pain along with other symptoms like abnormal bleeding and pelvic pressure

Urinary and Other Internal Causes:

• Kidney infections (pyelonephritis) causing dull or intense pain on the left side, often accompanied by fever, nausea, and urinary symptoms

• Kidney stones causing sharp pain when stones move through the urinary tract, often with painful urination and blood in urine

• Pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas, may cause upper abdominal pain radiating to the lower left back

• Inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis can cause abdominal and back pain due to chronic inflammation

Other Factors:

• Poor posture, wearing high heels, or carrying heavy purses can strain back muscles and contribute to pain

• Hormonal changes during menopause affecting joint and ligament health

Because left lower back pain in females can arise from diverse causes, some specific to women, accurate diagnosis by a healthcare professional is essential to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment