Lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling in the bodys tissues caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that is usually drained through the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and glands distributed throughout the body that collects excess fluid, proteins, and toxins from cells and tissues and returns them to the bloodstream. Lymphedema can affect any part of the body, but it usually develops in the arms or legs. The most common causes of lymphedema include:

• Cancer: If cancer cells block lymph vessels, lymphedema may result. For instance, a tumor growing near a lymph node or lymph vessel could enlarge enough to block the flow of the lymph fluid. Radiation treatment for cancer can cause scarring and inflammation of lymph nodes or lymph vessels. Surgery to remove cancer may also remove lymph nodes or some of the vessels that carry the lymph fluid, causing the fluid to build up in surrounding tissues.

• Infections: An infection, such as cellulitis, can sometimes cause lymphedema. Severe cellulitis can damage the tissue around the lymphatic system, causing it to become scarred. Filariasis, a parasitic infection, can also cause lymphedema. Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms that block lymph drainage.

• Inflammation: Medical conditions that cause tissue to become red and swollen can also permanently damage the lymphatic system. Conditions that can cause lymphedema include venous diseases, which affect the flow of blood through the veins, and diseases that affect the flow of lymphatic fluid.

• Trauma and injury: In a small number of cases, lymphedema can be caused by an accidental injury to the lymphatic system. For example, it can sometimes occur after extensive soft tissue loss or bruising.

• Other health conditions: Other health conditions, such as heart or vascular disease, arthritis, and eczema, can also cause lymphedema.

Risk factors that may increase the risk of developing lymphedema include obesity, reduced movement, and genetics. Lymphedema can put stress on the skin, making it more vulnerable to infection from injuries like cuts, scrapes, and scratches. Infections may create serious medical issues for people w...