Menstrual cramps are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen that many women experience just before and during their menstrual periods. The pain can range from mild to severe and can interfere with everyday activities for a few days every month. The main cause of menstrual cramps is the contraction of the uterus to help expel its lining during menstruation. Hormonelike substances called prostaglandins, which are involved in pain and inflammation, trigger the uterine muscle contractions. Higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more severe menstrual cramps.

In addition to the natural process of menstruation, menstrual cramps can also be caused by other conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and cervical stenosis. Women who are under 30, started puberty early, bleed heavily during periods, have irregular menstrual bleeding, or have a family history of menstrual cramps are at a higher risk of experiencing menstrual cramps.

To help ease menstrual cramps, one can try using a heating pad or hot water bottle on the lower abdomen, getting some exercise, taking a hot bath, or drinking herbal tea with anti-inflammatory properties and antispasmodic compounds such as chamomile, fennel, or ginger tea. Women who exercise regularly often have less menstrual pain. If these steps dont do enough, one should contact a healthcare provider who may prescribe medicines such as ibuprofen or other strong pain relievers. Treating the underlying cause of menstrual cramps is key to reducing the pain.