Pain during sex, also known as dyspareunia, can be caused by a variety of factors, including physical and psychological issues. Here are some of the most common causes of pain during sex:

• Not enough lubrication: This is often the result of not enough foreplay or a drop in estrogen levels after menopause or childbirth or during breastfeeding.

• Injury, trauma, or irritation: This includes injury or irritation from an accident, pelvic surgery, female circumcision, or a cut made during childbirth to enlarge the birth canal (episiotomy) .

• Inflammation, infection, or skin disorder: An infection in your genital area or urinary tract can cause painful intercourse. Eczema or other skin problems in your genital area also can be the problem.

• Vaginismus: These involuntary spasms of the muscles of the vaginal wall can make penetration painful.

• Endometriosis: In people with endometriosis, the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows in other areas of the pelvis, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or intestines. The condition can be painful, including causing pain during sex.

• Pelvic floor injury: An injury to the pelvic floor, which can have many causes from vaginal childbirth to improperly fitted bicycle seats, can cause pain during sex.

• Vulvodynia: Chronic pain at the opening of the vagina, including burning, stinging, soreness, itching, rawness, and pain during sex.

• Psychological issues: Anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions can contribute to pain during sex.

If you experience pain during sex, its important to talk to your doctor to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment[[6]](https://www.acog.org/womens-healt...