Petechiae are tiny spots of bleeding under the skin or mucous membranes that appear due to minor bleeding from tiny blood vessels called capillaries that lie under the skin and mucous membranes. They are pinpoint non-blanching spots that measure less than 2 mm in size and are purple, red, or brown dots, each about the size of a pinpoint. Petechiae are not raised or itchy, and they’re not a rash. Some of the causes of petechiae include:

• Infections: Viruses, bacteria, and fungi can all be sources of petechiae-inducing infections. Examples of these types of infection include cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), meningococcus, and group A Streptococcus species.

• Blood and immune disorders: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombocytopenia, vasculitis, and leukemia can all cause petechiae.

• Medications: Certain medications, such as antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and penicillin, can cause petechiae.

• Trauma: Damage to the skin, such as from blunt force, biting, or hitting, can cause petechiae to form. Friction against the skin from carrying a heavy bag/backpack or a tight strap from clothing can lead to petechiae. A sunburn can also cause petechiae.

• Other causes: Other causes of petechiae include prolonged straining during a bowel movement, severe bouts of coughing or vomiting, and a lack of vitamin C or vitamin K in the diet.

If you have petechiae, you should call your doctor. Some home remedies that may help include applying a cold compress to the affected area and avoiding activities that may cause further injury or trauma to the skin. However, since petechiae may be the result of a serious underlying condition, it is best to consult your doctor to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.