Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains inactive in their body. However, if something causes the immune system to become weakened, the virus can reactivate, triggering shingles. Some factors that can weaken the immune system and cause shingles to flare up include:

• Age: The risk of developing shingles increases with age. Shingles typically occurs in people older than 50, and people over the age of 60 are more likely to experience more severe complications.

• Diseases that weaken the immune system: Diseases that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS and cancer, can increase the risk of shingles.

• Medications: Certain medications that suppress the immune system, such as chemotherapy, corticosteroids, or biologics, can increase the risk of shingles.

• Stress: Stress can weaken the immune system and trigger shingles.

• Reexposure to VZV: Exposure to the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can increase the risk of shingles.

• Underlying health conditions: Certain underlying health conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of shingles.

If you suspect you have shingles, it is important to contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible, especially if the pain and rash occur near an eye, you are 50 or older, you or someone in your family has a weakened immune system, or the rash is widespread and painful. Early treatment may help to reduce the severity of the condition and complications.