Spots on the face can be caused by various factors, most commonly acne due to excess oil (sebum) production, clogged hair follicles, bacteria, and inflammation. Hormonal changes (such as during puberty, periods, and pregnancy), genetics, certain medications, and skin products can all contribute to the development of spots. Other causes include mechanical irritation from pressure or friction (e.g., from hats or masks), smoking, and even diet or stress in some cases. Additionally, specific types of spots like whiteheads, blackheads, and milia have distinct causes related to blocked pores and trapped dead skin cells or keratin.

Main Causes of Spots on Face

• Excess sebum production leads to clogged pores where bacteria can infect and cause inflammation, resulting in acne spots.
• Hormonal changes commonly trigger increased sebum production, notably during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or due to hormone-related conditions.
• Genetic factors influence susceptibility to acne.
• Skin products that clog pores (comedogenic) and certain medications (e.g., steroids, lithium) can cause breakouts.
• Mechanical factors such as friction from hats, masks, or equipment can lead to acne mechanica, a form of spot formation.
• Other causes include smoking and possibly diet or stress exacerbating pre-existing acne.

Specific Spot Types and Other Causes

• Whiteheads result from pores clogged with oil and dead skin cells, closing off the pore.
• Blackheads occur when the clogged pore is open, and the trapped material oxidizes and darkens.
• Milia are small white bumps caused by keratin trapped beneath the skin surface.
• Age spots and sun spots can appear due to pigment overproduction triggered by UV exposure, not related to acne.

Overall, spots can be benign and temporary, often related to acne and hormonal changes, or due to other skin conditions or environmental factors affecting the skin's health and hygiene.