Stomach growling, or borborygmi, is a normal part of digestion. It can occur at any time, on an empty or full stomach, and is typically louder when the stomach and intestines are empty. The noises are generated by the process of peristalsis, which is the contraction of the smooth muscles that line the gut to move food and gas through the digestive tract. The following are some of the reasons why stomach growling occurs:

• Hunger: One of the most common reasons for stomach growling is hunger. When the stomach is empty, the absence of food muffle the noise, making it more noticeable.

• Digestion: Stomach growling can also occur after a meal, when the stomach and intestines propel liquids and food through the digestive tract.

• Incomplete digestion: Certain foods, like peas, lentils, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and kale, may be hard for your system to break down, and can make your stomach growl, even if you are not hungry.

• Air swallowing: Swallowing air while eating or drinking can also cause stomach growling.

• Stress: Stress can trigger stomach rumbling, whether or not you’ve just eaten.

• Medical issues: Sometimes, stomach growling can be linked to an underlying medical issue, particularly if accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, constipation, or diarrhea. Issues that can cause stomach growling include food allergies, food intolerances, gastrointestinal infections, intestinal blockage, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) .

In summary, stomach growling is a normal part of digestion and can occur for various reasons, including hunger, digestion, incomplete digestion, air swallowing, stress, and medical issues.