The conflict between Israel and Palestine has its roots in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the birth of major nationalist movements among the Jews and among the Arabs, both geared towards attaining sovereignty for their people in the Middle East. The United Nations adopted Resolution 181 in 1947, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war ended in 1949 with Israels victory, but 750,000 Palestinians were displaced, and the territory was divided into three parts. Since then, there have been several wars and conflicts between Israelis and Palestinians, with the most recent being the war between Israel and Hamas that broke out in early October 2023. The conflict is over who gets what land and how its controlled. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict pits Israeli demands for security in what it has long regarded as a hostile region against Palestinian aspirations for a state of their own.