Tooth decay is the damage to a tooths surface or enamel caused by bacteria in the mouth that make acids that attack the tooths surface. The acid produced by the bacteria can attack the tooths enamel, causing it to lose minerals and weaken over time. This can lead to the formation of small holes in the enamel called cavities. If left untreated, tooth decay can cause pain, infection, and even tooth loss.

The main causes of tooth decay include:

• Poor oral hygiene: Oral hygiene problems are one of the main causes of tooth decay. Brushing and flossing on a regular basis removes plaque, so it is important for patients to perform both of these tasks thoroughly and promptly. If plaque is allowed to sit on the teeth for long periods of time, it will begin attacking the tooth enamel and ultimately lead to decay.

• Poor diet choices: Patients who consume a diet that heavily consists of sticky or acidic foods and beverages are setting themselves up for tooth decay. Foods that stick to the teeth are difficult to remove, and therefore are more likely to linger long enough to cause decay. Frequently consuming acidic foods or drinks means coating your teeth in decay-causing acids. When these types of foods or drinks are consumed, it’s important to remove them by drinking plenty of water, brushing, and flossing.

• Location of the tooth: Teeth that are harder to reach and clean, such as molars, are more prone to decay.

• Stomach acid: People with acid reflux or bulimia may experience tooth decay due to stomach acid coming into contact with their teeth.

Tooth decay can be prevented by practicing good oral hygiene, eating a healthy diet, and visiting the dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings.