Uric acid build-up in joints is caused by the accumulation of urate crystals in the joint, which leads to inflammation and intense pain of a gout attack. Urate crystals can form when there are high levels of uric acid in the blood, which can occur when the body produces too much uric acid or the kidneys excrete too little uric acid. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down purines, which are found naturally in the body and certain foods, including red meat, organ meats, and seafood. Alcoholic beverages, especially beer, and drinks sweetened with fruit sugar (fructose) can also promote higher levels of uric acid. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood and passes through the kidneys into the urine. However, when uric acid builds up, it can form sharp, needle-like urate crystals in a joint or surrounding tissue, causing pain, inflammation, and swelling. Some factors that increase the uric acid level in the body and the risk of developing gout include:

• Diet: Eating a diet rich in red meat, shellfish, and beverages sweetened with fruit sugar (fructose) increases levels of uric acid, which increases the risk of gout.
• Obesity, high blood pressure, and/or diabetes.
• Having a close relative with gout.
• Kidney problems.
• Using certain medications, such as diuretics (water pills) .