Appendix rupture (burst) is most commonly a complication of untreated or advanced appendicitis. The core mechanism is buildup of pressure and compromised blood flow inside the appendix, leading to tissue death and rupture, which can spill bacteria into the abdomen and cause peritonitis. Key factors and sequence:

• Obstruction: A blockage in the appendix lumen is typically the initiating event. Common blockers include hardened stool (appendicolith), foreign bodies, or thickened lymph tissue.
• Inflammation and swelling: The blockage leads to mucus accumulation, distension, and inflammation, which increases intraluminal pressure.
• Vascular compromise: Rising pressure and inflammation impair blood flow to the appendix wall, causing ischemia (tissue damage) and eventual necrosis.
• Wall rupture: As the wall deteriorates, a hole forms and purulent material or bacteria leak into the abdominal cavity, causing peritonitis. This is the “burst” scenario.
• Delay in treatment: The longer treatment is delayed, the higher the risk of rupture. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical or medical management greatly reduce rupture risk.
• Age and presentation: Younger children may have a higher risk of rupture due to less ability to communicate symptoms promptly; adults may experience a more rapid progression in some cases.

Symptoms indicating possible rupture/severe illness:

• Sudden, severe worsening of abdominal pain, often with generalized tenderness.
• Fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and signs of systemic infection (sepsis) in advanced cases.
• Abdominal rigidity and guarding; rebound tenderness may be present.
• Never ignore persistent or escalating abdominal pain, especially with nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite.

What reduces risk and what to do:

• Seek urgent medical care for suspected appendicitis. In many settings, imaging (ultrasound or CT) helps confirm the diagnosis.
• Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy) or, in select cases, antibiotics as initial management, with close monitoring for rupture.
• If rupture occurs, broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical intervention are often required to clean the abdominal cavity and prevent ongoing infection.

If you’re seeking specific medical guidance or have symptoms suggesting appendicitis, contact emergency services or a healthcare provider promptly.