Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood, and it is a time for growth spurts and puberty changes. During this time, adolescents may grow several inches in several months, followed by a period of very slow growth, then have another growth spurt. Changes with puberty (sexual maturation) may happen gradually or several signs may become visible at the same time. Some of the physical changes that happen during adolescence are internal and not visible, while others can be seen easily. Here are some of the changes that happen during adolescence:

• Physical Changes: Adolescents experience growth spurts in height and weight, and bones and muscles get longer and stronger, which allows them to take on tasks they were not able to do as younger children, such as lifting heavy objects and walking, running, or biking long distances. Other physical changes that happen in both males and females include body odor, acne, and more body hair.

• Puberty Changes: Sexual and other physical maturation that happens during puberty is due to hormonal changes. In boys, puberty changes may happen gradually and over a period of time, rather than as a single event. In girls, puberty changes may begin as early as 8 years old, and breasts develop fully between ages 12 and 18. Pubic hair, armpit, and leg hair usually begin to grow at about age 9 or 10, and reach adult patterns at about 13 to 14 years.

• Mental and Social Changes: Adolescents increase their ability to think abstractly and eventually make plans and set long-term goals. They become more able to think critically and independently, and they may question authority and challenge previously held beliefs. Adolescents also become more interested in romantic...