Several changes took place in varna-based society over time. Here are some of the changes that occurred:

• Emergence of Jatis: Smaller castes, or jatis, emerged within varnas. Many tribes and social groups were taken into caste-based society and given the status of jatis.

• New Castes: New castes appeared amongst the Brahmanas.

• Specialized Artisans: Specialized artisans such as smiths, carpenters, and masons were recognized as separate jatis by the Brahmanas.

• Rise of Rajput Clans: Among the Kshatriyas, new Rajput clans became powerful by the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

• Rejection of Caste System: Many tribes and social groups rejected the caste system.

Overall, jatis became the basis for organizing society, surpassing varna.