A healthy tongue is usually pink in color, with a thin whitish coating on the surface. However, some people may have a little purple or brown pigmentation in African, Asian, and Mediterranean populations. Any tongue color other than pink could indicate an underlying health condition. Here are some examples of what different tongue colors could mean:

• Red: A bright red tongue can indicate that you have a vitamin B12 deficiency or an infection called scarlet fever. Some people with geographic tongue may develop whitish-gray borders around the main red areas.

• Yellow: Your tongue may have a yellow appearance if you smoke or use chewing tobacco. Sometimes jaundice and psoriasis may also cause yellow tongue.

• Gray: Sometimes digestive issues may cause your tongue to turn gray. Peptic ulcers or eczema may also be to blame.

• Purple: Blood stagnation, poor circulation, and heart problems can lead to a purple tongue. It can also be a sign of Kawasaki disease.

• Blue: A blue tongue may be indicative of poor oxygen circulation in the blood. This may be attributed to lung problems or kidney disease.

• Black: Tongues that appear black and hairy have enlarged bumps, called papillae, that trap bacteria. This can be due to certain antibiotics, poor oral hygiene, and smoking. Additionally, Pepto-Bismol can temporarily darken the tongue.

Its important to note that some mild color or shade changes are harmless, and certain foods and activities, such as drinking a lot of coffee or smoking, can cause tongues to change color. However, any long-term changes in color should warrant a visit to the doctor. If you notice any of the following, you should check with your doctor:

• Painful red or yellow sores
• White patches
• A tongue that constantly sticks to the roof of your mouth
• Any changes to the coating of the tongue that indicate infection.