Direct answer: The Constitutional Convention of 1787 produced several key compromises that shaped the U.S. Constitution, balancing the interests of large and small states, free and enslaved people, and national power versus state influence. The main ones were the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Commerce Compromise, and the Electoral College arrangement. Details of the core compromises

• Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
  • Created a bicameral legislature with two houses: the House of Representatives (representation based on population) and the Senate (equal representation with two senators per state) [Great Compromise]. This blended the Virginia Plan’s into-population representation with the New Jersey Plan’s equal-state representation [Great Compromise].
  • Rationale: Resolved the conflict between large states wanting proportional influence and small states seeking equality in at least one chamber [Great Compromise].
• Three-Fifths Compromise
  • Determined that three-fifths of enslaved people would be counted for purposes of both representation in the House and for direct taxes [Three-Fifths Compromise].
  • Rationale: Sought to balance political power between Northern and Southern states, which differed sharply on slavery and its implications for representation [Three-Fifths Compromise].
• Commerce Compromise
  • Granted Congress authority to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, while preserving limits on Congress’s ability to ban the slave trade for at least 20 years (until 1808) [Commerce Compromise].
  • Rationale: Addressed heated disputes over federal power to regulate trade and concerns from Southern states about preserving slave‑based economic interests [Commerce Compromise].
• Electoral College arrangement
  • Delegated the process of electing the president to an indirect system (the Electoral College) rather than a direct popular vote, with each state’s number of electors equal to its total number of Senators and Representatives [Electoral College arrangement].
  • Rationale: Aimed to balance popular sovereignty with concerns about the potential for aggregation of political power by highly populous states and to provide a degree of insulation between the presidency and direct popular choice [Electoral College arrangement].

Other notable points often discussed alongside these core accords

• Slavery-related tensions and regional power
  • Debates over whether enslaved individuals should be counted for representation and taxation contributed to the Three-Fifths Compromise and affected how power would be distributed between slaveholding and non-slaveholding states [Three-Fifths Compromise].
• Federal versus state powers
  • The conventions’ debates culminated in a framework that empowered a stronger central government while instituting a federal structure in which states retained significant authority, particularly in the selection of Senators (originally chosen by state legislatures) and in maintaining a distinct state role within the Senate and House balance [Great Compromise; Federal structure].
• Ratification considerations
  • Many compromises were also motivated by a need to secure broad support for the new framework among diverse states and political factions, ultimately paving the way for the Constitution’s ratification by the states [General compromise rationale].

If you’d like, I can provide a concise comparison table of the four main compromises, or expand on how each compromise influenced later constitutional interpretation and key amendments.