Archaeologists are scientists who study past peoples and cultures by excavating and examining material remains. They analyze artifacts, features, and other information recovered in the field to help answer their research questions. Archaeologists are interested in animal bones, plant remains, and certain stones. They study the physical objects, places, and landscapes that humans create, modify, or interact with. Archaeologists utilize a range of scientific techniques and methodologies to uncover and interpret the past. They conduct field surveys to locate potential sites, carry out excavations using systematic digging methods, and meticulously record the context and details of artifacts and features found. In addition to excavation, archaeologists also engage in laboratory analysis, employing techniques like radiocarbon dating, artifact conservation, and microscopic analysis. Archaeologists spend much more of their time in the laboratory analyzing artifacts and data than they do in the field. Archaeologists also spend time in museums, where they may work on cataloging, conservation, and curatorial tasks. Archaeologists generally excavate only when there is a threat of destruction or when they may reveal vital information about past cultures. And they usually excavate only a small part of any site. Archaeologists, especially at the master’s or doctoral level, also cultivate one or more specialties. These can include skills in remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and genetics. Alternatively, they might develop a focus on ceramics, stone tools, and other materials-based skills.