Catholics believe the pope is the spiritual leader and visible head of the universal Catholic Church, serving as the successor to Saint Peter, whom Jesus appointed with a special role of authority (Matthew 16:19; John 21:15-17). The pope holds the highest teaching authority, safeguarding the Church in matters of faith and morals under the guidance of the Holy Spirit

. Key beliefs about the pope include:

• Papal Primacy and Supremacy: The pope has full, supreme, and universal power over the entire Church, a power he can always exercise unhindered as the Vicar of Christ on earth. This authority ensures unity among Catholics worldwide and continuity in Church teaching

• Papal Infallibility: Catholics believe the pope is infallible when he solemnly defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church (speaking ex cathedra). This charism means he is protected by the Holy Spirit from error in these specific teachings, though it does not imply he is sinless or perfect in his personal life

• Role as Servant Leader: The pope acts as a spiritual father and servant leader, called to guide the Church, engage with global issues, foster Christian unity, and provide moral guidance on social justice, human dignity, and religious freedom

In summary, Catholics see the pope as Christ’s appointed leader on earth, endowed with supreme authority and protected from doctrinal error in his official teachings, ensuring the Church remains faithful to Jesus’ teachings and united worldwide.