For back pain, the type of doctor you should see depends on the severity and cause of your pain:

• Primary Care Doctor : Usually the best starting point if you have mild or new back pain. They can evaluate your medical history, symptoms, perform a physical exam, and may recommend treatments or refer you to specialists.
• Physiatrist : A specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation who focuses on non-surgical treatments for musculoskeletal issues including back pain. They are often considered the "primary care doctor of the back."
• Orthopedic Doctor (Orthopedist) : A specialist in the musculoskeletal system who can diagnose and treat bone, joint, and muscle disorders. They may perform surgery if needed and are suited for more serious or persistent back pain.
• Neurologist or Neurosurgeon : If the pain involves nerve damage or spine issues like herniated discs or pinched nerves, seeing a neurologist or neurosurgeon may be necessary.
• Pain Management Specialist : If you have chronic back pain lasting over 3 months, a pain specialist can offer treatments targeted at managing and reducing chronic pain.
• Physical Therapist or Chiropractor : These professionals offer therapies aimed at improving mobility, strengthening muscles, and relieving pain without surgery.
• Rheumatologist : For back pain caused by autoimmune or inflammatory conditions such as arthritis or osteoporosis.

You should see a doctor if your back pain lasts more than a week, is severe, or is accompanied by symptoms like numbness, tingling, weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or unexplained weight loss. Starting with your primary care doctor or a physiatrist is often recommended, and they can guide you to the right specialist based on your specific condition. For persistent or severe cases, orthopedic doctors, neurologists, or pain specialists may be needed. If you want, I can help guide you on what kind of symptoms indicate which doctor to see specifically. Let me know. This guidance is based on recent medical sources and expert advice.