A capacitor is an electronic component that stores electrical energy temporarily by accumulating electric charges on two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. When voltage is applied, one plate accumulates positive charge and the other negative charge, creating an electric field that stores energy

. Capacitors serve several key functions in circuits:

• Energy storage: They hold energy for short periods, providing quick bursts of power when needed, such as in camera flashes or to maintain power during battery changes

• Voltage smoothing: Capacitors smooth out fluctuations in voltage, helping to stabilize power supplies and reduce noise in signals, which is important in radios, TVs, and other electronics

• Timing and control: Because capacitors charge and discharge at predictable rates, they are used in timing circuits, clocks, and sequence controls

• Blocking DC while allowing AC: Capacitors block direct current but allow alternating current to pass, useful in filtering and signal processing

• Protecting circuits: They can absorb voltage spikes, protecting sensitive components from damage

Unlike batteries, capacitors release stored energy very quickly but hold less total energy. They are widely used in electronic devices for their fast charge/discharge capabilities and reliability

. In summary, a capacitor stores and releases electrical energy rapidly, smooths voltage, helps with timing, and protects circuits, making it essential in many electronic applications.