Vitamin B12 plays several crucial roles in the body including:

• It is essential for making and repairing DNA, the genetic material in all cells.
• It helps produce healthy red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body.
• It supports the normal functioning of the nervous system and brain, aiding cognitive functions such as memory and thinking.
• It may contribute to mood regulation and energy levels, especially in people with low B12.
• It is involved in maintaining healthy hair, skin, and nails.
• It supports bone health and may reduce risk of osteoporosis and certain eye conditions like macular degeneration.

A deficiency in B12 can lead to anemia (characterized by large, abnormal red blood cells), neurological problems including memory loss and difficulties with balance and speech, fatigue, and more serious health issues.

Overall, vitamin B12 is vital for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, nervous system health, and energy metabolism, making it essential for overall bodily function and well-being.

If needed, supplements or fortified foods can help maintain adequate B12 levels, especially for those on plant-based diets or with absorption issues.