Bacteria require specific conditions to live and grow. The exact conditions may vary between species, but the following are the most important factors that impact bacterial growth:

• Food: Bacteria require nutrients, energy, and other components found in food to grow. Foods provide a perfect environment for bacterial growth.

• Acidity: Bacteria do not grow well in acidic conditions, which is why it is important to properly store low-acid foods.

• Time: Foods can be within the temperature danger zone for 4-6 hours before they must be either back to safe temperatures or discarded.

• Temperature: Bacteria can live in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm environment. The optimal temperature range for bacterial growth is between 40°F and 140°F.

• Oxygen: Some bacteria require oxygen to grow, while others cannot tolerate it. Bacteria that require oxygen to grow are called obligate aerobic bacteria.

• Moisture: Moisture is the final component necessary for bacterial growth. Bacteria thrive in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment that is pH neutral or slightly acidic.

In summary, bacteria require food, a specific temperature range, moisture, and oxygen or the absence of it to live and grow.