Eye twitching is a repetitive, involuntary spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle, an eyelid muscle which is responsible for eyelid closures. It can affect both the upper and lower eyelids and ranges from barely noticeable to severe. Eye twitching is usually painless, but it can be uncomfortable and cause irritation. The most common causes of eye twitching are stress and fatigue. Other factors that can cause or aggravate eye twitching include:
- Eyelid myokymia – continuous and fine contractions that mainly affect the lower eyelid.
- Blepharospasm – a condition characterized by abnormal blinking or spasms of the eyelids.
- Hemifacial spasm – a neuromuscular disorder characterized by frequent involuntary contractions of the muscles on one side of the face.
- Dry eyes
- Certain medications, such as topiramate
- Bright light
- Wind or air pollution
- Caffeine excess
- Alcohol intake
- Exercise
- Smoking
- Irritation of the eye surface or inner eyelids
Most cases of eye twitching are temporary and go away on their own. However, if the twitching is severe or persistent, it is recommended to seek medical attention to rule out other eye problems such as blepharitis or nervous system disorders. To help alleviate eye twitching, it is recommended to get enough sleep, reduce caffeine and alcohol intake, and stay hydrated.
