Insulin resistance is a condition where cells in the muscles, fat, and liver do not respond well to insulin and cannot easily take up glucose from the blood. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose in the blood enter cells in the body, where it is used for energy. When cells become resistant to insulin, the pancreas produces more insulin to help glucose enter the cells. As long as the pancreas can make enough insulin to overcome the cells weak response to insulin, blood glucose levels will stay in the healthy range. However, if cells become too resistant to insulin, it leads to elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), which can lead to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance can affect anyone, and it can be temporary or chronic. The two main factors that seem to contribute to insulin resistance are excess body fat, especially around the belly, and a lack of physical activity. Certain medications, hormonal disorders, and sleep problems can also contribute to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with several other conditions, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Living with insulin resistance requires lifestyle changes as well as regular use of prescription medicine. To reduce insulin resistance, one can take steps such as losing weight, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet. It is important to note that insulin resistance does not always lead to diabetes, and it is possible to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes by making lifestyle changes.