Kneading is a common behavior in cats where they push their paws down on a soft surface, alternating each one, like kneading dough before putting it into the oven. Here are some reasons why cats knead:

• Instinct: Cats start to knead as kittens while nursing from their mother. A nursing kitten instinctually kneads to help stimulate the mothers milk production.

• Comfort: Kneading appears to be relaxing and soothing for cats, and many cats will purr contentedly, drift off into sleep, or simply zone out and enjoy the motion.

• Affection: Cats may knead their owners as a sign of affection and contentment.

• Territory marking: Cats have scent glands in their paws, pads, and claws, so kneading is a way for them to mark their territory.

• Communication: Kneading can be used as a form of tactile and pheromone communication between kitten and mother.

• Going into heat: Female cats may knead the air while lying on their side to tell male cats that they can approach for possible mating.

If a cat kneads, it generally means they’re contented and relaxed. However, if the kneading is painful or destructive, there are ways to encourage appropriate kneading actions, such as keeping the cats claws trimmed short or encouraging them to knead elsewhere.