Oxytocin is a hormone and neurotransmitter with several key roles in the body and brain: Physical functions:

• It stimulates uterine contractions during labor and childbirth, helping the baby to be born by increasing the intensity and frequency of contractions through a positive feedback loop

• After childbirth, oxytocin promotes lactation by causing contractions in breast tissue that move milk through the ducts to the nipple for breastfeeding

• In males, oxytocin is involved in sperm transport, testosterone production, and sexual function

Behavioral and emotional effects:

• Oxytocin acts in the brain as a chemical messenger influencing social bonding, trust, relaxation, and psychological stability

• It is known as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone" because it is released during sexual arousal, orgasm, and when forming emotional bonds, such as between parents and children

• Oxytocin can reduce stress and anxiety, promote feelings of well-being, and help overcome fear by inhibiting brain fear centers

• It may enhance social learning, perception of social cues, and reward responses, although its effects depend on context and familiarity with others

Additional effects:

• Oxytocin helps regulate sleep by counteracting the stress hormone cortisol, promoting relaxation and tranquility

• It plays a role in maternal behaviors, neocortical growth, and maintenance of brain blood supply

In summary, oxytocin is crucial for childbirth and breastfeeding, supports reproductive functions, and strongly influences social behaviors and emotional well-being, earning it the nickname "love hormone"