The Hebrew word shalom (שָׁלוֹם) primarily means peace , but its meaning is much richer and deeper than just the absence of conflict or war. It conveys a sense of completeness, wholeness, welfare, safety, soundness, and well-being. Shalom can refer to peace between people, peace with God, or an individual's internal sense of peace and well-being

. Key aspects of shalom include:

• Peace as completeness: The root of shalom, shalam , means "to make whole" or "to restore." It implies restoration and full well-being, not just the absence of war or conflict

• Peace with God: Biblically, shalom is about reconciliation with God, where God grants peace through forgiveness and restored relationship (e.g., Romans 5:1-3, 8-10; John 14:27)

• Peace with others: It signifies harmonious relationships and the end of hostilities or social injustice (Jeremiah 6:1–9; Deuteronomy 20:12)

• Inner peace: Shalom also means inner tranquility, emotional and psychological well-being, and confidence that comes from trusting God (Isaiah 26:3; Psalm 4:8)

• Common usage: Shalom is used idiomatically as a greeting meaning both "hello" and "goodbye," reflecting a wish for peace and well-being upon meeting or parting

In summary, shalom is a holistic concept encompassing peace, health, prosperity, and completeness in all areas of life-spiritual, social, and personal.