Smelling salts are ammonia-based inhalants used to arouse or revive someone who feels faint or lightheaded. They irritate the nasal and respiratory passages, triggering a reflex that increases breathing and can momentarily heighten alertness. They are sometimes used by athletes for a quick wake-up, though evidence for performance benefits is unclear and not universally endorsed. Short-term effects often include a sharp inhalation, coughing, watery eyes, and a surge of adrenaline-like arousal; longer-term risks can include throat and airway irritation, chemical burns if misused, and potential masking of underlying injuries or medical problems. Key points to know

• How they work: Ammonia fumes irritate the nose and lungs, prompting an rapid, reflexive inhalation and a temporary boost in oxygen delivery to the brain. This can restore consciousness in someone who has fainted or become lightheaded.

• Typical use and safety: Follow product directions; hold the container several inches away from the nose to minimize direct contact with nasal tissues and mucosa. They are generally considered safe when used as directed, but improper use can cause irritation, coughing, or chemical burns.

• Limits and cautions: They do not treat the underlying cause of faintness or injury, and can mask serious problems. They should not be used on someone who is unconscious, has injuries that could be worsened by jolting to wakefulness, or by individuals with respiratory problems or chemical sensitivities. Medical guidance recommends caution and appropriate evaluation if fainting recurs.

• Perception of performance benefits: Some athletes use smelling salts for a perceived energy or focus boost, but evidence for meaningful athletic performance enhancement is inconclusive, and use may carry risks or conceal injuries.

If you’re considering smelling salts, here are practical safety tips

• Use only as directed and keep away from children. Do not use if you have a history of respiratory or heart problems without consulting a clinician.
• Do not rely on smelling salts to manage persistent dizziness, fainting, chest pain, or head injury. Seek medical evaluation for recurring or concerning symptoms.
• Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure in a short timeframe; if irritation occurs, discontinue use and rinse the area with air and fresh air.

If you’d like, I can tailor this to a specific context (e.g., pre-workout use, first aid in a home setting, or guidance for a particular product) and summarize current safety recommendations from reputable sources.