The Commander in Chief is a title given to the President of the United States, who is responsible for the safety and security of the United States and its citizens. The Commander in Chief clause in Article II Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution states that the President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States. The President has broad powers, including the power to deploy military forces, direct their movements, and employ them in the manner he sees fit. The Presidents duties as Commander in Chief carry very broad powers, including the prime responsibility for the conduct of United States foreign relations. The President has the exclusive power to command the military in operations approved by Congress, and probably has substantial independent power to direct military operations as long as he does not infringe exclusive powers of Congress or other provisions of the Constitution. The Commander in Chief Clause confers broad substantive war powers on the President, but the Constitution does not define precisely the extent of those powers. The questions of whether and to what extent the President has the authority to use the military absent a Congressional declaration of war have proven to be sources of conflict and debate throughout American history.