The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees five fundamental freedoms:

• Freedom of religion: It prohibits Congress from establishing a national religion (Establishment Clause) and protects the free exercise of religion (Free Exercise Clause).
• Freedom of speech: It protects the right to express opinions publicly without government censorship or restraint.
• Freedom of the press: It ensures the right to publish and disseminate information and opinions without government interference.
• Right to peaceably assemble: It protects the right of people to gather for protests or meetings.
• Right to petition the government: It allows citizens to request changes or express grievances to the government.

Together, these freedoms prevent the government from making laws that infringe on these rights, safeguarding individual expression, religious practice, and political participation

. The Supreme Court has interpreted these rights broadly but recognizes some limits, such as restrictions on obscenity, defamation, and true threats. The First Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments via the Fourteenth Amendment

. In summary, the First Amendment guarantees the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition, forming the foundation of American civil liberties