Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential water-soluble vitamin that plays several critical roles in the body:

• It is vital for the formation of healthy red blood cells, which transport oxygen throughout the body, and helps prevent anemia by supporting DNA synthesis necessary for red blood cell development

• Vitamin B12 is crucial for DNA synthesis and repair in all cells, supporting proper cell metabolism and growth

• It supports the normal functioning and development of the nervous system by contributing to the synthesis of myelin, the protective sheath around nerves, which is essential for nerve signal transmission

• B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, including methionine synthase, which is important for converting homocysteine to methionine, an essential amino acid

• It helps convert food into energy by aiding metabolic processes

• Vitamin B12 also supports other aspects of health such as maintaining skin, hair, and bone health, and may contribute to eye health by preventing rare conditions like optic neuropathy linked to deficiency

Because the body cannot produce vitamin B12, it must be obtained from animal- based foods (meat, fish, poultry, dairy, eggs) or supplements, especially important for vegans and older adults who may have absorption difficulties

. In summary, vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production, DNA synthesis, nerve function, and energy metabolism, making it critical for overall cellular health and neurological function. Deficiency can lead to anemia, neurological problems, and other health issues