Xanax is a brand name for the drug alprazolam, which belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines. It is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders by increasing the effects of a brain chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which promotes calmness and produces a relaxed feeling. Xanax is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant that slows down brain activity. It works by enhancing the effects of GABA, which decreases the level of excitement in the brain to treat anxiety and panic disorders. Xanax can also act as a muscle relaxant and sedative, although these are off-label uses.

When taken as prescribed, Xanax can be a safe and effective medication. However, it can cause side effects, especially if people combine it with other CNS depressants, such as antihistamines, opioids, and alcohol. Some people use Xanax without a prescription or in a manner other than indicated on a prescription, which can lead to misuse and addiction. Xanax can cause negative effects when coming off the drug, including withdrawal symptoms such as seizures.

In summary, Xanax is a medication used to treat anxiety and panic disorders by increasing the effects of GABA, which promotes calmness and produces a relaxed feeling. It is a CNS depressant that slows down brain activity and can cause side effects and withdrawal symptoms when misused or taken in a manner other than indicated on a prescription.