A root canal is a dental procedure that is performed to remove inflamed or infected pulp on the inside of a tooth, which is then carefully cleaned and disinfected, then filled and sealed with a rubber-like material called gutta-percha. Here are the steps that are typically followed during a root canal procedure:

1. Before beginning the root canal, the dentist will take dental X-rays of the affected tooth to determine the extent of damage and ensure that root canal therapy is the appropriate treatment option.
2. The dentist will numb the tooth and the surrounding gum tissue with a local anesthetic to ensure that the patient is comfortable during the procedure.
3. The dentist will place a rubber sheet (dam) around the tooth to ensure its dry during treatment and to prevent the patient from swallowing or breathing in any chemicals used during the procedure.
4. The dentist will use a drill to open the tooth through the crown, the flat part at the top, to access the soft tissue at the center of the tooth (pulp).
5. The dentist will then remove any infected pulp that remains and clean and enlarge the root canal using a series of small files to make them a regular shape so they can be filled.
6. After the pulp has been removed, the dentist will fill the root canal with gutta-percha and seal the tooth with a temporary filling.
7. In a subsequent visit, the dentist will place a permanent crown or filling on the tooth to protect and restore it to its original function.

After the procedure, the tooth may be sore or numb for a few days, but this can be managed with prescription or over-the-counter pain relievers. It is important to practice proper oral hygiene and visit the dentist for routine examinations and cleanings to prevent further complications.