During ovulation, a mature egg (ovum) is released from one of the ovaries. This process typically occurs around the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, about day 14 in a 28-day cycle, but can vary among individuals

. Here is what happens during ovulation in detail:

• Hormonal Changes: The process is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are released by the pituitary gland in response to rising estrogen levels produced by the maturing follicle in the ovary

• Follicle Maturation and Rupture: The dominant ovarian follicle, which has nurtured the developing egg, swells and eventually ruptures, releasing the mature egg into the abdominal cavity near the ovary

• Egg Capture: Finger-like projections called fimbriae at the end of the fallopian tube sweep over the ovary to catch the released egg and guide it into the fallopian tube

• Egg Transport: The egg then travels through the fallopian tube toward the uterus, propelled by tiny hair-like structures called cilia

• Fertilization Window: The egg remains viable for fertilization for about 12 to 24 hours after release. If sperm are present in the fallopian tube during this time, fertilization may occur

• If Fertilization Does Not Occur: The egg disintegrates and is absorbed or expelled during menstruation. Meanwhile, the uterine lining thickens in preparation for a potential pregnancy, and if no fertilization happens, it will shed during the next menstrual period

Ovulation is a critical phase for reproduction, as it represents the time when conception is most likely to occur

. Some people may experience physical signs such as mild abdominal pain, changes in cervical mucus, or a slight rise in basal body temperature during ovulation

. In summary, ovulation involves the hormonal stimulation, rupture of the ovarian follicle, release and capture of the egg by the fallopian tube, and the egg's availability for fertilization within a limited time frame