Death is the moment in life when the physical body stops working to survive. The heart stops beating, breathing ceases, and the brain stops functioning. After death, the body undergoes a series of changes as it adjusts to its new state. These changes unfold quickly, over a few days. Here are some of the things that happen when we die:

• Vital functions stop: The heart no longer beats, breathing stops, and the brain stops functioning.

• Body systems shut down: All body systems powered by organs such as the heart, kidneys, and liver shut down, so they are no longer capable of carrying on the ongoing processes of living.

• Unconsciousness: As death approaches, a person may drift from sleep into unconsciousness, much like being in a coma or dream state. They may wake up later, unaware that they were unconscious. Toward the end, they will remain in this unconscious state of extended rest. Research suggests that even as the body transitions into unconsciousness, it’s possible that they will still be able to feel comforting touches from their loved ones and hear them speaking. Touch and hearing are the last senses to go when we die.

• Physical changes: After death, the body starts to undergo changes as its temperature drops. The skin color and texture look and feel different, and the muscles begin to stiffen. The body’s normal systems start to operate more slowly, and the brain and other organs receive less oxygen than they need, and do not function as well. Most people who are dying feel tired, want to sleep more often, or for longer periods, and may want to talk less, although some may want to talk more. They may want to eat less or eat different foods since their stomach and digestive system are slowing down. Someone who is dying may also lose weight, and their skin might become thinner.

• Awareness: According to some research, even after our breathing and heartbeat stop, we remain conscious for about two to 20 seconds. That’s how long the cerebral cortex is thought to last without oxygen. This is the thinking and decision-making part of the brain. It’s also responsible for deciphering the information gathered from our senses.

Different religions and belief systems have defined beliefs on what happens when we die, and yet the question is still widely debated and discussed. Most people in the English-speaking world are familiar with the Christian belief of Heaven or Hell awaiting people when they die. Muslims believe that this life is a temporary one, and there is an eternal life that follows after death. On the Day of Resurrection, the soul will be returned to a new body, and people will stand before God for judgment. Those who have believed in God and have pleased him through good works will be rewarded with Heaven, or paradise, where they shall live for eternity. Those who have disobeyed God will be punished in Hell.