If World War I never happened, the world would have evolved differently in many ways. Here are some of the possible outcomes:
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No World War II: Without World War I, there probably wouldnt have been World War II. Hitler would not have had grievances that led to his later rise to power, and there would have been no Holocaust.
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Economic Growth: European nations would have likely put more resources into building their economies, and Germany would have become an economic, scientific, and cultural powerhouse.
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Different Political Landscape: America might look vastly different, and there would have been no conscription crisis in Canada in 1917.
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Different International Relations: The stability of Germany would have prevented the rise of Hitler and the Nazis, and a Europe dominated by the Germany of 1914 would have been infinitely preferable to a Europe dominated by the Germany of 1939.
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Different Demographics: Jews in Europe would have prospered and increased in population, and there might not have been a state of Israel.
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Different Rising Powers: Non-western European powers such as Russia, the United States, or Japan would still be rising in power, and this process would continue without the war. The prime rising power was Russia, which was going through a remarkable degree of economic and demographic growth.
It is important to note that these are just some of the possible outcomes, and there is no way to know for sure what would have happened if World War I never occurred.