112 is a common emergency telephone number that can be dialed free of charge from most mobile telephones, and in some countries, fixed telephones in order to reach emergency services such as ambulance, fire and rescue, and police). It is a part of the GSM standard and all GSM-compatible telephone handsets are able to dial 112 even when locked or, in some countries, with no SIM card present. It is also the common emergency number in nearly all member states of the European Union as well as several other countries of Europe and the world).

It is important to note that 112 is only for emergency assistance. If you call the number for another reason, it is considered abuse (if you do it intentionally) or misuse (if you do it accidentally) . Abuse or misuse of 112 is registered and may lead to criminal prosecution. Penalties for 112 abuse include fines or prison terms for adults, and children who abuse 112 are also punished.

When calling 112, it is important to tell the operator what has happened, what assistance is needed, and what type of emergency service is required: the police, the fire brigade, or the ambulance service. The emergency operator will put you straight through to the appropriate emergency service in your area. Examples of when to call 112 include when your life is in immediate danger, if someone is seriously injured and needs prompt medical attention, or if you have witnessed a serious crime like assault, murder, robbery, or a break-in.