Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that is the most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers. It begins in the basal cells, which are a type of cell within the skin that produces new skin cells. BCCs can look like open sores, red patches, pink growths, shiny bumps, scars, or growths with slightly elevated, rolled edges and/or a central indentation. At times, BCCs may ooze, crust, itch, or bleed. The lesions commonly arise in sun-exposed areas of the body. In patients with darker skin, about half of BCCs are pigmented (meaning brown in color). BCCs rarely spread beyond the original tumor site, but these lesions can grow and become disfiguring and dangerous. Untreated BCCs can become locally invasive, grow wide and deep into the skin, and destroy skin, tissue, and bone. The longer you wait to get treatment, the more likely it is that the BCC will recur, sometimes repeatedly. There are some highly unusual, aggressive cases when BCC spreads to other parts of the body. In even rarer instances, this type of BCC can become life-threatening.

BCCs can be identified by their appearance, which can include a shiny bump or nodule that is pearly or clear, pink, red, or white. The bump can also be tan, black, or brown, especially in people of color, and can be mistaken for a mole, wart, or other harmless growth. BCCs can also appear as a small pink growth with a slightly raised, rolled edge and a crusted indentation in the center that may develop tiny surface blood vessels over time. A scar-like area that is flat white, yellow, or waxy in color may indicate an invasive BCC.

If you notice any spot on your skin that is growing, bleeding, or changing in any way, see a board-certified dermatologist. These doctors have the most training and experience in diagnosing skin cancer. Treatment options for BCC include surgery, radiation therapy, and topical medications.