A cistern is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. They are often built to catch and store rainwater and are distinguished from wells by their waterproof linings. Cisterns can range in capacity from a few liters to thousands of cubic meters, effectively forming covered reservoirs. They are commonly prevalent in areas where water is scarce, either because it is rare or has been depleted due to heavy use. Historically, the water was used for many purposes including cooking, irrigation, and washing. Present-day cisterns are often used only for irrigation due to concerns over water quality. However, cisterns can also be used to collect rainwater for consumption in areas where there is not a constant supply of potable water, such as rural agricultural areas or at backwoods camp sites.

Cisterns work by collecting the rainfall that lands on impervious surfaces, such as rooftops, and then filtering out large debris before the water enters the cistern. Cisterns can be fed by wells, rainwater (usually collected from roofs), springs, and other sources, and can also be delivered by certified water hauling vehicles. The mechanics of a cistern vary by system, but the main concept remains the same. Water passes through mesh screens to prevent large debris from entering the tank. Cisterns are often concealed underground to mitigate the effects of temperature changing and limit the access of insects and other animals.

Key features of a cistern include:

• Waterproof lining: Cisterns are distinguished from wells by their waterproof linings.
• Capacity: Cisterns can range in capacity from a few liters to thousands of cubic meters.
• Water source: Cisterns can be fed by wells, rainwater, springs, and other sources.
• Fill port: This is where fresh water is added to the cistern. Fill ports often come with screens and other filtering mechanisms to prevent debris and contaminants from entering the water.
• Storage reservoir: This component is the cistern itself. Its a watertight container connected by pipes to the water source and your homes water system.
• Withdrawal pipe: This connects your storage reservoir to your homes water system.

Cisterns are a cost-effective alternative for water management, which many believe are significant advantages. Choosing a cistern as a main water source for your home can provide several benefits, such as saving money on monthly bills and reducing the amount of water that enters the storm sewer systems.